前一陣子，知名酒商麥格蘭威士忌邀請了非常知名的紀實攝影師Elliott Erwitt在華山辦了一個展覽，今天筆者就要跟大家分享由這位紀實攝影師所提供的12個紀實攝影拍攝小技巧，原文同樣為英文，筆者這邊一樣會將它翻譯成中文，並附上原文，對紀實攝影有興趣的朋友千萬不要錯過。先簡單跟大家聊聊這位攝影師，Elliott Erwitt出生於1928年，曾因為擔任電影場景攝影師而與瑪麗蓮夢露成為好友，並為她拍攝過不少照片，一直到現在都還是經典。Elliott Erwitt擁有獨特的幽默感與敏銳的觀察力，同時在他為數眾多的紀實作品中，常會看到小孩與寵物，這是他非常喜歡的兩個元素，透過他的獨特攝影眼，我們總能在這些照片中感受到屬於他的童趣與幽默。
在小技巧文章開始前，我們可以先看看Elliott Erwitt來台時接受GQ專訪的一段影片。
看完影片後，我們就進入主題吧！
1.Photography is an Art of Observation It’s about finding something interesting in an ordinary place. I’ve found it has little to do with the things you see and everything to do with the way you see them.
攝影是一種觀察的藝術，找出有興趣的地方，並且開始找出方式去觀看。
2.Start Caring You just need to care about what’s around you and have a concern with humanity and the human comedy. Then, you can find pictures anywhere. It’s simply a matter of noticing things and organising them.
開始關心周遭的人事物，當你開始學著關心你的周遭，你就會發現照片無所不在，組織與關注這些所見，這是街頭攝影的核心。
3.Don’t Overthink It, Just Do It The more you think about a shot, the easier it is to lose it. If you’re thinking long, you’re thinking wrong. Sometimes you just have to take the shot. When I’m in the moment, I’m not thinking at all. I’m locked in non-thought.
不要過度思考，做就對了。想越多越容易錯過稍縱即逝的瞬間，有時候拍就對了。
4.Carry a Camera with You at All Times Make a point of having a camera with you wherever you go and just shoot at what interests you. You’ve got to be spontaneous and seize the moment when it presents itself.
隨時都要帶著你的相機，不管有什麼東西吸引你，把它拍下來，快速轉換的街頭，你必須搶到那一瞬間。
5.Capture the Emotion The best pictures are often ones that are quite evocative. They capture the emotion of a particular moment, and engage and elicit an emotional response from the person looking at them so that they build their own interpretation of the situation.
捕捉住情緒，好的照片通常都能喚起觀看者的情緒反應，找出能捕捉情緒的場景，讓你的照片與與觀看者產生情緒的共鳴。
6.Change Direction If you’re out and about amongst lots of people, follow the crowd for a while, then turn around 180 degrees in the exact opposite direction to change things up and introduce new perspectives. It’s always worked for me!
改變你的觀看方向，當你跟著群眾移動，向後轉180度，你會發現整個視角都不同。
7.Be Curious One of the main ingredients for photography is curiosity. If you’re curious enough and you get up in the morning and go out and take pictures, you’re going to get more interesting results than if you stay at home.
保持你的好奇心，早點起床出門去拍照，會比你待在家裡更容易獲得有趣的照片。
8.Go the Distance You can take two completely different shots of the same thing, just by varying the distance at which you shoot at.
改變你的拍攝距離，透過改變拍攝距離，就算拍攝同一個東西，你也能獲得兩種截然不同的照片。
9.Choose Your Camera Wisely There’s a profound difference for example between the simple non-reflex, direct-viewing camera (such as a range-finder Leica) and a SLR. With a reflex you tend to make the picture in the camera; with the other, you see the picture and then put a frame around it. Make sure you know your kit, so you can develop your own style and way of shooting.
聰明的選擇你的工具，每種相機都有不同的拍攝技巧與感覺，熟悉你想要使用的工具，然後透過它建立屬於你的風格。
10.Work on Seeing Be aware of your surroundings. If you don’t have a camera with you, pretend you are a camera and blink your eye at the significant moment. That will teach you to observe. It will help you start to anticipate your subjects’ movements and learn when to press the shutter.
學會觀察，就算手中沒有相機，運用眨眼來記下當下的瞬間，它會教會你預測被攝主角的下一步，同時也能讓你知道何時該按下快門。
11.Get the Right Balance of Light Balance of light is the problem, not the amount. Balance between shadows and highlights determines where the emphasis goes in the picture.
處理光線比例平衡，平衡陰影與highlights，讓你更容易強調你的被攝主角。
12.Choose Black and White Black and white makes you concentrate on the essentials: light, story, form, emotion and information. It’s about capturing reality and the raw aesthetic, not what can be enhanced by colour. It offers a different way of looking at things.
選擇拍攝黑白照片，黑白照片會讓你更專注於照片內的光線，故事，情感，相較於彩色照片容易受到顏色干擾，黑白照片是另一種不同的觀看方式。
以上12個由Elliott Erwitt所提供的小技巧都記起來了嗎？拿起相機，趕快出門去拍照吧！
圖片與原文來源http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/elliott-erwitt-priceless-photography-tips
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